Laboratory location and floor plan. Introduction to Laboratory organization and management, simple analytical techniques in chemical pathology. Presentation of volumetric analysis, S.I units, urinalysis etc. Preparation of solutions (Acids, Bases and salts). Principles of tissue preservation: fixation, processing and staining. Handling of surgical and autopsy specimens. Removal of formalin pigments. Basic tools of the microbiologist-wire loop, cotton wool, pipettes, swabs and their uses. Preparation of films and basic staining techniques Gram's stain, Ziehl Nelson's stain. Haematological stains principles and components. Blood firm preparation and staining, pipettes, chamber cares and uses. Haemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) estimation. Principle of White blood cell (WBC) count. Communications in Laboratory medicine; Health and safety; Statistics and data handling; samples and samples collection. Introduction to Automation; Point of care testing; Quality assurance and management.