The cell theory. Structures and functions of major cell components. Cell types, constancy and
diversity. Cell organelles of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Chemical composition of cells.
Centrifugation; Methods of cell fractionation. Structure, function and fractionation of extracellular
organelles. Water, total body water and its distribution. Regulation of water and electrolyte
balance. Disorder of water and electrolyte balance. Acidity and alkalinity, pH and pK values and
their effects on cellular activities.